Many people get confused as to the difference between an
interpreter and a translator. There is a common tendency to
think translators interpret, or that interpreters translate. In
fact, these are two separate jobs requiring rather different skills.
To illustrate who and what an interpreter is, as opposed to a
translator, I shall here set out the main differences between
them.
On a basic level it would appear that there is little
difference between an interpreter and a translator. One
translates spoken words and the other written words. However,
there are differences in how the jobs are carried out, the skills and talents
required and the pressures involved.
A translator must be able to write well and be able to
express words, phrases, innuendos and other linguistic nuances on paper.
He or she has the luxury of time, access to
resources such as dictionaries and other reference materials, as
well as the
freedom to take a break when needed. The pressures they face are
relatively limited.
Translators only work into their native languages to assure
accuracy in both linguistic and cultural senses. It could
therefore be argued that they are not completely bilingual.
They may be able to deal effectively with written sources, but
when it comes to oral translation different types of skill
are called for.
Translators are said to have a one-dimensional aspect to their
work. They deal with written words and language that come from
paper and return to paper.
Interpreters, on the other hand, have to be able to
translate spoken words in two directions. They do this using no
resources or reference materials bar their own knowledge and
expertise.
An interpreter is required to find linguistic solutions to
problems on the spot. The pressure can be quite intense.
In addition to interpreting, the interpreter must act as a
bridge between people, relaying tone, intentions and emotions.
In cases where interpreters are caught up in crossfire they need
to demonstrate great professionalism and diplomacy. Their role
is complex as they have to deal with both language and people.