|
Parts of
Speech
品詞
|
| Article
冠詞 |
Noun
名詞 |
Pronoun
代名詞 |
Verb
動詞 |
| Adverb
副詞 |
Adjective
形容詞 |
Preposition
前置詞 |
Conjunction
接続詞 |
| Interjection
感嘆詞 |
Numeral
数詞 |
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|
| Article |
冠詞 |
|
| Indefinite article |
不定冠詞 |
There's a pen on the table. |
| Definite article |
定冠詞
|
The pen is
mine. |
| Zero article |
無冠詞
|
Writing
is important. |
|
|
|
| Noun |
名詞 |
|
| Singular noun |
名詞の単数形 |
boy, box, baby, child, antenna,
phenomenon |
| Plural noun |
名詞の複数形 |
boys,
boxes, babies, children, antennae,
phenomena |
| Countable noun |
可算名詞 |
one apple, two
apples |
| Uncountable noun |
不可算名詞 |
some rice, some mayonnaise |
| Collective noun |
集合名詞 |
furniture, cutlery, equipment |
| Concrete noun |
具象名詞 |
apple,
computer |
| Abstract noun |
抽象名詞 |
honesty, love,
fear, happiness |
| Compound noun |
複合名詞 |
bookshelf,
word-processor, post office |
| Common noun |
普通名詞 |
apple,
computer |
| Proper noun |
固有名詞 |
Linda
has a house in London. |
| Partitives, units
& quantity |
部分語・
単位を表すことば |
Partitives
express a part of a whole. They also enable us to quantify uncountable
nouns, e.g. two rices, two bags
of rice |
none
of the adults, some of the boys, all
of the girls, both of the brothers, neither
of the sisters, etc.
(See
also quantifiers.) |
| a
box of chocolates, a carton
of milk, a bottle of Scotch, a jar
of peanut butter, a can of soda, a tub
of ice cream, a cup of coffee, a piece
of cheesecake, a bag of peanuts, a packet
of chewing gum, a tube of toothpaste, a roll
of film, a tin of paint, a pack
of cards, a bunch of grapes, a whole
bunch of paparazzi, a company of
girl guides, a gang of thieves, a flock
of sheep, a herd of cows, a pack
of hounds, a school or shoal
of fish, a set of rules, a bouquet
of flowers, a swarm of mosquitoes, etc. |
|
|
|
|
| Pronoun |
代名詞 |
|
|
| Demonstrative
pronoun |
指示代名詞 |
This
was fun. That was boring. |
| Indefinite
pronoun |
不定代名詞 |
Some
were good. Nobody is there. Is there any? |
| Interrogative
pronoun |
疑問の代名詞 |
What? Which? Who? Whom? |
| Personal
pronoun (subjective) |
人称代名詞
(主格) |
I, you, he, she, it, we, you (pl.), they |
| Personal
pronoun (objective) |
人称代名詞
(目的格) |
me,
you, him, her, it, us, you (pl.), them |
| Possessive pronoun |
所有代名詞 |
The car is mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs. |
| Reflexive
pronoun |
再帰代名詞 |
Bill
burned himself on the hot iron. |
| Emphasizing
pronoun |
強調再帰代名詞 |
The
Queen herself visited the disaster victims. |
| Relative pronoun |
関係代名詞 |
The man who/that
won. The prize which/that he won. |
|
|
|
|
| Verb |
動詞 |
|
|
| Finite
verb |
定形動詞 |
A
verb form the use of which which is limited by subject and tense, e.g. I
go, he goes,
she went,
they have
gone. |
| Infinite
verb |
不定形動詞 |
A
verb form the use of which is unrestricted by subject or tense. In
English this means the infinitive, the gerund and the participle. |
| Infinitive |
不定詞 |
|
|
Bare infinitive
|
原形不定詞
|
She can drink coffee. |
|
to-infinitive |
to付き不定詞 |
She
stopped to drink coffee. |
| Gerund |
動名詞 |
She stopped drinking coffee. |
| Present
participle |
現在分詞 |
Charlie
is playing golf now. |
| Past
participle |
過去分詞 |
Emmy
has played already. |
| 3rd person singular |
三人称単数形 |
He likes cooking. She watches
TV. |
| Regular verb |
規則動詞 |
She
walks, she walked, she has walked |
| Irregular verb |
不規則動詞
|
I swim,
I swam, I have swum |
| Auxiliary verb |
助動詞 |
I have won! He is
eating. Do you smoke? |
Modal auxiliary verb
(+ bare infinitive) |
法助動詞
（＋動詞の原形） |
You must
(had
to) go. We can (could) drive. He may (might)
come. They will (would) win. I shall
(should) write to the manager. You ought
to complain. |
Verb of
perception
(+ adjective) |
知覚動詞 |
She seems
reliable, appears confident and sounds
interesting. The food looks good, smells
delicious and tastes superb. |
| Action
verb |
動作動詞 |
動作動詞は単純時制、進行形ともに使われる |
| Action
verbs are used in both the simple and continuous tenses:
Jane plays chess. She is
playing chess now. |
| State
(or stative) verb |
状態動詞 |
状態動詞は一般的に進行形では使われない |
| State
verbs are generally not used in the continuous tenses:
Jane belongs to the chess club. Membership costs
just $20 a year. Some people dislike
playing chess while others love it. |
| Transitive verb |
他動詞 |
The company raised
its prices. |
| Intransitive verb |
自動詞 |
Prices
rose. |
| Passive voice |
受動態 |
Prices were raised. |
| Phrasal
verb |
句動詞 |
His car broke down and his marriage broke
up. |
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|
|
| Adverb |
副詞 |
|
| Positive
adverb |
原級副詞 |
Jenny works hard and carefully. |
| Comparative
adverb |
比較級副詞 |
Kate works even harder and more carefully
than Jenny. |
| Superlative
adverb |
最上級副詞
|
Pam works (the) hardest and most
carefully. |
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