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Introduction

Learning the English names of lesser-known countries or dependencies, and their corresponding citizens, nationality adjectives and languages, is no easy task. These word families tend to inflect somewhat inconsistently and are occasionally subject to change. Many of them are derived from languages with very different syllabaries to our own, and so it often occurs that more than one form gains acceptance in English, e.g. Azerbaijani and Azeri; Singhalese, Sinhalese and Sinhala; Turkmen, Turkmenian and Turkoman; or Tadjik and Tajik.

When presented with more than one name option, your ultimate choice might be influenced by all kinds of factors. To name a few examples: nationalistic sentiment (Serbian vs. Serbo-Croatian); political awareness (Burma vs. Myanmar); political correctness (a Netherlander vs. a Dutchwoman); differing British and American spelling norms (Argentinian vs. Argentinean); or perhaps even your attitude to loanwords perceived as pretentious or redundant (Côte d'Ivoire for Ivory Coast).

In official names, the inclusion of "Democratic Republic" or "People's Republic" or "Democratic People's Republic" is a sure sign that the regime is neither democratically elected nor particularly popular. In any bona fide democracy, people hardly need reminding of the self-evident.

Although most students of English will not have to become intimately familiar with this motley assortment of territorial vocabulary, they might still find it useful to browse through the chart below at their leisure. It has been compiled primarily as a handy reference.

Many English-learning sites list the names of countries, their native inhabitants and nationality adjectives. I've taken this one step further by including all the major languages spoken in each territory. There are something like 6,800 known languages on the planet, but barely 270 countries and dependencies. Consequently, relatively few of the language names turn out to be identical to nationality adjectives in the way one often takes for granted. The chart clearly shows just how geographically widespread English is in the world of today, be it as a first language, a second language, a lingua franca, or the language of officialdom. In other words, it's hard to overestimate the importance of mastering English.

Quickly find a country or territory

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Destinations A–F

Quickly find a country or territory

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